Gender differences in mathematics and science competitions: A systematic review     

Anneke M. Steegh  Tim N. Höffler  Melanie M. Keller  Ilka Parchmann 《科学教学研究杂志》2019,56(10):1431-1460

Gendered patterns in mathematics and science interest emerge in early childhood, develop over time, and ultimately reflect advanced course selection in secondary education. During the crucial time adolescents become aware of their strengths and interests and specialize accordingly, they get the opportunity to participate in out-of-school learning programs such as mathematics and science competitions. This raises the question whether mathematics and science competitions contribute to gender equity by equally promoting female and male interests. In this article, we present a systematic review on gender differences and the mechanisms explaining success and failure in mathematics and science competitions. On an international level, we found large gender differences regarding participation in all Olympiads with the exception of the biology Olympiad. In fairs and national Olympiads, overall participation rates were not gendered as such, but females preferred biology topics whereas males preferred physics related topics. Male and female achievement in fairs was comparable, but males clearly outperformed female participants at the Olympiads, with the smallest differences in the biology Olympiad. Variables and theoretical frameworks explaining participation and achievement and the role of gender in mathematics and science competitions are discussed. We suggest that gender stereotypes, through their influence on self-concept and interest, play an important role in the mechanisms resulting in low female participation rates in and beyond mathematics and science competitions (especially in physics and chemistry). The mechanisms we found explaining female representation during a national selection competition might be considered as reflecting those in female mathematics or science careers and could thus serve as food for thought on countering the gender gap in mathematics and science.  相似文献   

Differences of math anxiety groups based on two measurements,MASS and EEG     

Sang S. Choi-Koh  Byeong G. Ryoo 《教育心理学》2019,39(5):659-677

This article investigated how mathematic anxiety (MA) of Korean middle school students could be reduced by comparing analytically their cognitive neuroscience and questionnaire results. We developed a three-hour Complex Treatment Program (CTP) on quadratic functions for the study. In the summer of 2016, we collected data of the pre and post MA questionnaires by Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Students (MASS), the percent of correct answers (PCA) and reaction time (RT) by E-prime program, and also brain-imaging data of the event related potentials (ERP) by Electroencephalograph (EEG) using computer-based functional F-G model. The result indicated the CTP to be effective with the group with higher math anxiety and the group with higher achievement respectively. The MASS result was verified with the better performance of PCA on type G, which was measured by E-prime program. Some interesting patterns were revealed on brain-imaging data by EEG, indicating more brain activities with the MA groups.  相似文献   

大学生课外科技创新活动体系构建的探索与实践   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于洪杰  任峰  王星星 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(13):131-132

结合国外高校成功经验,阐述了如何构建大学生课外科技创新活动体系,为学生提供科技创新的学习实践平台,使其将所学理论知识进行实践综合与创造,培养其创新意识和创新精神,促进创新型工程人才的培养。  相似文献   

英语报刊阅读辅助非英语专业研究生英语教学的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马旭 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(3):154-156

通过英语报刊阅读活动在非英语专业研究生英语课堂上的实际应用,结合问卷调查和访谈记录结果,探讨英语报刊阅读活动的作用和价值及对研究生英语学习的积极推动和促进作用。  相似文献   

重建大学课堂敬畏感     

何晓雷  刘庆斌 《大学教育科学》2011,(6):26-29,75

建设高等教育强国,实现由高等教育大国向高等教育强国的转变,将是今后我国高等教育改革与发展的方向和目标。但是,因为某些原因,目前高等教育发展中出现了一些不和谐的问题,突出表现为教育敬畏感的削弱和丧失。要建设高等教育强国,实现由高等教育大国向高等教育强国的转变,必须重建教育敬畏感。教育敬畏感源于教育的外部认同和教育内部的神圣,其中教育内部是前提基础和关键。教育敬畏感的削弱和丧失首先源自教育内部核心因素———课堂敬畏感的削弱和丧失,因此,要重建教育敬畏感、建设高等教育强国,必须首先重建课堂敬畏感。  相似文献   

衡东影子戏音乐初探     

张琼 《邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,10(1):114-117

衡东影子戏以它奔放热烈的气质、多变起伏的音调、酣畅淋漓的表演,散发出独有的魅力。它的音乐语汇非常丰富,文章将从唱腔唱词、锣鼓音乐、演唱风格等方面来阐述其音乐风格与特点。  相似文献   

太虚大师与佛教慈善     

李明 《黄冈职业技术学院学报》2011,13(5):48-56

太虚大师是近代佛教革新运动的领导者,在中国佛教近代史上发挥了极其重要的作用。他在继承传统佛教慈善的基础上,认为佛教慈善是近代佛教复兴的重要标志,佛教慈悲精神对国家民族复兴和世界和平都有重要意义。在他一生多变的思想历程中,始终把佛教慈善作为其佛教革新思想的重要内容,他广泛参加了诸多佛教慈善的实践活动,并对孤儿教育、慈善医院等佛教慈善有所建言。太虚大师的人间净土理论为近代以来的佛教慈善事业作了新的理论补充,并在实践中充分利用新的媒介手段促进和扩大了佛教慈善事业的发展,其契理契机的慈善理念同样也蕴含了近代特殊历史背景下的爱国主义思想,佛教慈善与佛教教育的紧密结合也构成了近代佛教慈善事业的新特点。  相似文献   

Ethnographical mapping of thick places – teaching and learning practices in teacher training schools     

Mikael Jonasson 《Ethnography and Education》2019,14(1):16-33

The aim of this study is to use an ethnographic method in order to map where understandings of teaching and learning practices (TaLP) are being discussed in three schools. The questions posed are: what are the relations between thick places, meaning, affect, and TaLP? This study uses an ethnographic method outside the classroom and in between different activities as a starting point for understanding TaLP and where many students at the same school produce thick places of affect and meaning. The main conclusion from this study is that matters of where, what, and who are shaping TaLP. Another important conclusion from this study is that training schools offer new conditions for teacher students, but also offer new opportunities for ethnographic studies that aim at understanding these school environments with a range of new questions.  相似文献   

闻一多留美提前归国原因探析     

朱佳宁 《涪陵师范学院学报》2011,27(2):123-127

留美诗人闻一多在未取得学位的情况下提前归国,学界对此一直倾向于用爱国主义情感的驱动来加以阐释。本文更侧重诗人的个人世界,从他对文学的执着、对文化冲突的不适以及情感归依三方面入手,探析其归国的内在动因。  相似文献   

拆迁纠纷中“自杀维权”的法社会学解读     

张永进 《宁波广播电视大学学报》2011,9(3):111-114

当前中国正处于社会转型期,各种社会矛盾凸显且利益冲突多发,特别是发生在拆迁活动中的纠纷,因拆迁纠纷利益对立化及解决机制不健全,导致被拆迁者的合理利益诉求表达不畅,权利维护保障乏力,利益追求得不到满足,法律文本的理想表达与拆迁实际的现实冲突更加激化了矛盾,为了维权,时常酿成社会悲剧。本文通过近期三个典型＂自杀维权＂的事件考察,从法社会学研究视角,解读社会转型期拆迁纠纷中的公民维权现况,并予以理论反思。  相似文献